Frequent contributor Nick Cornford just lately revealed a delightfully intelligent design thought utilizing a platinum RTD calibrated to output a 1 mV/oC sign that’s excellent for direct readout through a typical DMM…
Wow the engineering world along with your distinctive design: Design Concepts Submission Information
I believed Nick’s thought was so cool I simply needed to try to cobble up my very own model of it. The preliminary effort is proven in Determine 1.
Determine 1 PRTD circuit shamelessly copies Nick C’s thought for making an unusual DMM right into a precision digital thermometer.
Determine 1’s circuit is conceptually similar to Nicks’s in placing the PRT right into a primary bridge topology with fixed present excitation of the PRT. It differs, nonetheless in a single element. Solely the PRT half of the bridge is actively regulated with fixed present whereas the opposite (zero regulate) half is only a passive voltage divider. This ploy reduces the elements rely considerably (saving two transistors, an op-amp, and perhaps a resistor or two). But it surely doesn’t make the circuit work considerably worse or higher. The calibration course of is identical very-well-explained process in Nick’s DI as is achievable accuracy. I actually gained’t attempt to compete with Nick’s effectively written writeup in that regard.
In truth, I suppose you would possibly legitimately ask if such an analogous circuit actually deserves separate publication within the first place. Fortuitously, this isn’t fairly the top of our story.
Due to the ten% attenuation of the PRT sign inflicted by the passive facet of my bridge, with a view to duplicate Nick’s terrific function of a 1 mV/oC direct-readout, I needed to enhance the PRT excitation present Iprt by that very same 10% to make the larger sign. So, I made Iprt = 110% x 1mV/oC / 0.03851 = 2.857 mA as a substitute of the 2.597 mA utilized by Nick in his double-constant-current-source circuit. To date, so good.
However then this acquired me musing about what impact additional multiples of Iprt might need. This was very attention-grabbing, in fact, as a result of platinum’s tempco just isn’t precisely fixed with temperature, a truth described by the Callendar-Van Dusen polynomial. It predicts platinum’s tempco declines steadily from the 0oC worth as temperature T will increase. Observe the pesky quadratic ‘B’ time period.
R(T) = R(0) [1 + (A T) – (B T2)]
A = 3.9083 10-3
B = 5.775 10-7
So, I calculated the circuit’s output over 0oC to 100oC whereas steadily bumping Iprt. The attention-grabbing outcomes are plotted in Determine 2. X axis = precise temp, crimson = studying error in levels.
Determine 2 The Callendar-Van Dusen polynomial used right here to foretell that for any given temperature, an excitation present increment exists that may give an correct readout, e.g., 0.5% for 33oC, 1% for 67oC, and 1.5% for 100oC.
All that’s required to make the most of this impact to repeatedly and robotically repair the studying is the addition of R8 and R9 to generate the optimistic suggestions offered in Determine 3. Now:
Iprt(T) = Iprt(0)(1 + 0.15(Vprt(T) – Vprt(0))
Thus, because the readout voltage goes from 0 to 100 mV, the Iprt excitation present will increase by the 0 to +1.5% wanted to precisely linearize the studying. The residual error with Determine 3’s optimistic suggestions might be seen in Determine 4.
Determine 3 The 40 mV of optimistic suggestions through R8 to reference U1 will increase PRT excitation present with rising temperature and thus linearizes the temperature studying, making the thermometer correct to +/-0.1oC.
Determine 4 Residual error with Determine 3’s optimistic suggestions.
And that, I believed, was price its personal writeup. I hope Nick will agree.
Postscript: As per my traditional behavior, I did analysis on PRTD linearization with optimistic suggestions solely AFTER I’d already blundered my solution to this answer by myself. However having completed it, I wished to see if anyone else was utilizing the strategy. Sure. They’re.
Guess who? I’m truly now type of glad I didn’t look earlier than I leaped. If I’d already seen the complexity of Jim’s circuit, I won’t have tried it!
Stephen Woodward’s relationship with EDN’s DI column goes again fairly a good distance. Over 100 submissions have been accepted since his first contribution again in 1974.
Associated Content material
- DIY RTD for a DMM
- Designing with temperature sensors, half three: RTDs
- Designing with temperature sensors, half three: RTDs
- Change mode hotwire thermostat
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The put up The ability of sensible optimistic suggestions to excellent PRTDs appeared first on EDN.
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