Posted by Matthew McCullough – VP of Product Administration, Android Developer
The second developer preview of Android 16 is now obtainable to check together with your apps. This construct consists of modifications designed to boost the app expertise, enhance battery life, and increase efficiency whereas minimizing incompatibilities, and your suggestions is essential in serving to us perceive the complete impression of this work.
System triggered profiling
ProfilingManager was added in Android 15, giving apps the power to request profiling knowledge assortment utilizing Perfetto on public gadgets within the subject. To assist seize difficult hint eventualities similar to startups or ANRs, ProfilingManager now consists of System Triggered Profiling. Apps can use ProfilingManager#addProfilingTriggers() to register curiosity in receiving details about these flows. Flows coated on this launch embrace onFullyDrawn for exercise primarily based chilly begins, and ANRs.
val anrTrigger = ProfilingTrigger.Builder( ProfilingTrigger.TRIGGER_TYPE_ANR ) .setRateLimitingPeriodHours(1) .construct() val startupTrigger: ProfilingTrigger = //... mProfilingManager.addProfilingTriggers(listOf(anrTrigger, startupTrigger))
Begin element in ApplicationStartInfo
ApplicationStartInfo was added in Android 15, permitting an app to see causes for course of begin, begin kind, begin instances, throttling, and different helpful diagnostic knowledge. Android 16 provides getStartComponent() to differentiate what element kind triggered the beginning, which could be useful for optimizing the startup movement of your app.
Richer Haptics
Android has uncovered restricted management over the haptic actuator since its inception.
Android 11 added help for extra complicated haptic results that extra superior actuators can help by way of VibrationEffect.Compositions of device-defined semantic primitives.
Android 16 provides haptic APIs that permit apps outline the amplitude and frequency curves of a haptic impact whereas abstracting away variations between machine capabilities.
Higher job introspection
Android 16 introduces JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasons(int jobId) which may return a number of explanation why a job is pending, as a result of each express constraints set by the developer and implicit constraints set by the system.
We’re additionally introducing JobScheduler#getPendingJobReasonsHistory(int jobId), which returns an inventory of the newest constraint modifications.
The API may help you debug why your jobs is probably not executing, particularly if you happen to’re seeing decreased success charges with sure duties or latency points with job completion as properly. This may additionally higher enable you perceive if sure jobs are usually not finishing as a result of system outlined constraints versus explicitly set constraints.
Adaptive refresh fee
Adaptive refresh fee (ARR), launched in Android 15, permits the show refresh fee on supported {hardware} to adapt to the content material body fee utilizing discrete VSync steps. This reduces energy consumption whereas eliminating the necessity for probably jank-inducing mode-switching.
Android 16 DP2 introduces hasArrSupport() and getSuggestedFrameRate(int) whereas restoring getSupportedRefreshRates() to make it simpler on your apps to reap the benefits of ARR.
RecyclerView 1.4 internally helps ARR when it’s settling from a fling or clean scroll, and we’re persevering with our work so as to add ARR help into extra Jetpack libraries. This body fee article covers lots of the APIs you should use to set the body fee in order that your app can instantly leverage ARR.
Job execution optimizations
Beginning in Android 16, we’re adjusting common and expedited job execution runtime quota primarily based on the next components:
- Which app standby bucket the appliance is in; lively standby buckets shall be given a beneficiant runtime quota.
- Jobs began whereas the app is seen to the person and continues after the app turns into invisible will adhere to the job runtime quota.
- Jobs which might be executing concurrently with a foreground service will adhere to the job runtime quota. If it’s worthwhile to carry out an information switch which will take a very long time think about using a person initiated knowledge switch.
Be aware: To know tips on how to additional debug and take a look at the habits change, learn extra about JobScheduler quota optimizations.
Absolutely deprecating JobInfo#setImportantWhileForeground
The JobInfo.Builder#setImportantWhileForeground(boolean) methodology signifies the significance of a job whereas the scheduling app is within the foreground or when briefly exempted from background restrictions.
This methodology has been deprecated since Android 12 (API 31). Beginning in Android 16, it can now not operate successfully and calling this methodology shall be ignored.
This removing of performance additionally applies to JobInfo#isImportantWhileForeground(). Beginning in Android 16, if the tactic is known as, the tactic will return false.
Deprecated Disruptive Accessibility Bulletins
Android 16 DP2 deprecates accessibility bulletins, characterised by way of announceForAccessibility or the dispatch of TYPE_ANNOUNCEMENT AccessibilityEvents. They will create inconsistent person experiences for customers of TalkBack and Android’s display screen reader, and options higher serve a broader vary of person wants throughout a wide range of Android’s assistive applied sciences.
Examples of options:
The deprecated announceForAccessibility API consists of extra element on steered options.
Cloud search in picture picker
The picture picker supplies a protected, built-in manner for customers to grant your app entry to chose photos and movies from each native and cloud storage, as a substitute of their total media library. Utilizing a mix of Modular System Elements by way of Google System Updates and Google Play providers, it is supported again to Android 4.4 (API degree 19). Integration requires only a few strains of code with the related Android Jetpack library.
The developer preview consists of new APIs to allow looking out from the cloud media supplier for the Android picture picker. Search performance within the picture picker is coming quickly.
Ranging with enhanced safety
Android 16 provides help for sturdy safety features in WiFi location on supported gadgets with WiFi 6’s 802.11az, permitting apps to mix the upper accuracy, higher scalability, and dynamic scheduling of the protocol with safety enhancements together with AES-256-based encryption and safety in opposition to MITM assaults. This enables it for use extra safely in proximity use circumstances, similar to unlocking a laptop computer or a car door. 802.11az is built-in with the Wi-Fi 6 customary, leveraging its infrastructure and capabilities for wider adoption and simpler deployment.
Well being Join updates
Well being Join within the developer preview provides ACTIVITY_INTENSITY, a brand new datatype outlined in line with World Well being Group pointers round reasonable and vigorous exercise. Every file requires the beginning time, the tip time and whether or not the exercise depth is reasonable or vigorous.
Well being Join additionally comprises up to date APIs supporting well being data. This enables apps to learn and write medical data in FHIR format with express person consent. This API is presently in an early entry program. Join if you would like to be a part of our early entry program.
Predictive again additions
Android 16 provides new APIs that will help you allow predictive again system animations in gesture navigation such because the back-to-home animation. Registering the onBackInvokedCallback with the brand new PRIORITY_SYSTEM_NAVIGATION_OBSERVER permits your app to obtain the common onBackInvoked name at any time when the system handles a again navigation with out impacting the traditional again navigation movement.
Android 16 moreover provides the finishAndRemoveTaskCallback() and moveTaskToBackCallback(). By registering these callbacks with the OnBackInvokedDispatcher, the system can set off particular behaviors and play corresponding ahead-of-time animations when the again gesture is invoked.
This preview is for the subsequent main launch of Android with a deliberate launch in Q2 of 2025 and we plan to have one other launch with new developer APIs in This fall. The Q2 main launch would be the solely launch in 2025 to incorporate deliberate habits modifications that would have an effect on apps. The This fall minor launch will choose up function updates, optimizations, and bug fixes; it won’t embrace any app-impacting habits modifications.
We’ll proceed to have quarterly Android releases. The Q1 and Q3 updates in-between the API releases will present incremental updates to assist guarantee steady high quality. We’re actively working with our machine companions to deliver the Q2 launch to as many gadgets as doable.
There’s no change to the goal API degree necessities and the related dates for apps in Google Play; our plans are for one annual requirement annually, and that shall be tied to the most important API degree.
Find out how to prepare
Along with performing compatibility testing on the subsequent main launch, just remember to’re compiling your apps in opposition to the brand new SDK, and use the compatibility framework to allow targetSdkVersion-gated habits modifications as they change into obtainable for early testing.
App compatibility
The Android 16 Preview program runs from November 2024 till the ultimate public launch subsequent yr. At key growth milestones, we’ll ship updates on your growth and testing environments. Every replace consists of SDK instruments, system photos, emulators, API reference, and API diffs. We’ll spotlight essential APIs as they’re prepared to check within the preview program in blogs and on the Android 16 developer web site.
We’re focusing on Late Q1 of 2025 for our Platform Stability milestone. At this milestone, we’ll ship ultimate SDK/NDK APIs and likewise ultimate inside APIs and app-facing system behaviors. We’re anticipating to succeed in Platform Stability in March 2025, and from that point you’ll have a number of months earlier than the official launch to do your ultimate testing. Study extra within the launch timeline particulars.
Get began with Android 16
You may get began at the moment with Developer Preview 2 by flashing a system picture and updating the instruments. In case you are presently on Developer Preview 1, you’ll robotically get an over-the-air replace to Developer Preview 2. We’re in search of your suggestions so please report points and submit function requests on the suggestions web page. The sooner we get your suggestions, the extra we will embrace within the ultimate launch.
For the most effective growth expertise with Android 16, we suggest that you simply use the most recent preview of the Android Studio Ladybug function drop. When you’re arrange, listed here are among the issues you need to do:
- Compile in opposition to the brand new SDK, take a look at in CI environments, and report any points in our tracker on the suggestions web page.
- Take a look at your present app for compatibility, be taught whether or not your app is affected by modifications in Android 16, and set up your app onto a tool or emulator operating Android 16 and extensively take a look at it.
We’ll replace the preview system photos and SDK usually all through the Android 16 launch cycle. This preview launch is for builders solely and never supposed for each day shopper use. We’re making it obtainable by handbook obtain. When you’ve manually put in a preview construct, you’ll robotically get future updates over-the-air for all later previews and Betas.
In case you’ve already put in Android 15 QPR Beta 2 and wish to flash Android 16 Developer Preview 2, you are able to do so with out first having to wipe your machine.
As we attain our Beta releases, we’ll be inviting customers to attempt Android 16 as properly, and we’ll open up enrollment for Android 16 within the Android Beta program at the moment.
For full info, go to the Android 16 developer web site.
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