America isn’t making electrical energy the way in which it did twenty years in the past.
How the USA made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline surpassed coal because the nation’s prime supply of energy in 2016, and renewables like wind and photo voltaic have grown shortly to grow to be main gamers within the U.S. energy system.
However each state has its personal story.
In Nevada, pure gasoline turned the highest supply of electrical energy era in 2005, sooner than in lots of different locations. Extra not too long ago, solar energy has surged there.
Wind energy has taken off in Iowa over the previous twenty years, beating out coal in 2019 to grow to be the state’s largest supply of energy era.
Even in Wyoming, the place coal nonetheless dominates electrical energy era, different sources of energy have made regular good points.
Fossil fuels nonetheless generate nearly all of America’s electrical energy, however the shift from coal to pure gasoline and renewable energy has helped scale back planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions and different dangerous air pollution.
Final yr, coal was the highest electrical energy gas in 10 states, down from practically two-thirds of states in 2001. Pure gasoline largely took over throughout that point, however wind additionally emerged as a number one energy supply throughout the Midwest.
Supply: U.S. Power Info Administration
Nonetheless, specialists say there’s a lengthy method to go if the nation desires to zero out emissions from the ability sector to struggle local weather change, a aim set by President Biden.
Switching from coal to gasoline “will get you a part of the way in which there,” stated Melissa Lott, a researcher on the Middle on World Power Coverage at Columbia College, as a result of burning pure gasoline for energy produces fewer carbon dioxide emissions than burning coal. However fewer emissions is just not the identical as zero emissions, she added. “Many extra applied sciences, together with renewables, should be constructed shortly to get us all the way in which to our local weather objectives,” Dr. Lott stated.
Mr. Biden’s signature local weather and vitality legislation, the 2022 Inflation Discount Act, aimed to turbocharge the expansion of renewable wind and photo voltaic vitality nationwide and to assist different clear energy applied sciences like nuclear vitality, superior batteries and carbon seize and storage for gasoline vegetation. However the way forward for that legislation stays unsure in an election yr, with Republicans promising to repeal a lot of its clean-energy provisions.
What occurs on the federal degree is simply a part of the equation. States have the ability to speed up, decelerate or block clear vitality, too.
We charted how electrical energy era has modified in each state thus far, from 2001 to 2023, utilizing information from the USA Power Info Administration. Discover your state beneath:
How Alabama made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
In 2001, coal fueled greater than half of the electrical energy produced in Alabama, however most of the state’s growing old coal energy vegetation have closed since then or shifted to burning cheaper pure gasoline. By 2014, gasoline had grow to be the highest electrical energy supply within the state, adopted by nuclear. And, final yr, coal fueled simply 14 % of the state’s electrical energy era.
Hydro has lengthy been Alabama’s largest supply of renewable energy. The state produced lower than 1 % of its energy from photo voltaic vitality final yr.
Alabama generates extra electrical energy than it consumes and usually sends about one-third of its output to close by states. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Alaska made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline has been Alaska’s prime supply of energy for twenty years, offering greater than half of the state’s electrical energy in most years. Hydro, petroleum and coal provide many of the relaxation. In 2010, Alaska set a nonbinding aim to supply 50 % of its electrical energy from renewable and different vitality sources by 2025, however the state has solely seen a small uptick in wind energy era since then.
Alaska has its personal electrical grid, which suggests “no matter electrical energy is created there may be what they’re consuming,” stated Glenn McGrath, an influence techniques analyst on the U.S. Power Info Administration. “It’s about as remoted as you may get.”
Many rural communities in Alaska aren’t related to the primary grid and use diesel turbines for energy, though smaller, community-based wind generators have gotten extra widespread.
How Arizona made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was Arizona’s prime supply of electrical energy era till 2016, when pure gasoline surpassed it. Coal-fired era has declined quickly over the previous decade as a number of the state’s coal energy vegetation shut down and others switched to cheaper pure gasoline.
In recent times, pure gasoline has taken over because the state’s prime supply of energy, with gasoline fueling 46 % of Arizona’s electrical energy era final yr. The state can be dwelling to the second-largest nuclear energy plant within the nation.
Arizona makes extra electrical energy than it makes use of and exports energy to close by states. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
The state has ample photo voltaic assets. Its largest utility, Arizona Public Service, set a voluntary aim of getting 65 % of its electrical energy from carbon-free sources by 2030 and 100% by 2050. Nonetheless, the utility lobbied towards proposals to codify these renewable objectives into legislation.
How Arkansas made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was the most important supply of electrical energy era in Arkansas for a lot of the previous twenty years. However its function within the state’s electrical combine diminished over time as pure gasoline energy expanded. After vying with coal for the highest slot, gasoline has been the state’s largest supply of energy era since 2022.
Arkansas generates extra electrical energy than it consumes and sends energy to close by states. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How California made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline has been California’s prime electrical energy gas since 2001, however greater than half of the ability produced within the state final yr got here from renewable vitality and different carbon-free sources, together with photo voltaic, wind, geothermal, hydro and nuclear.
Solar energy, particularly, has grown quickly over the previous decade, largely due to supportive state insurance policies. On the identical time, nuclear energy has declined. (One of many state’s two nuclear vegetation closed in 2012. The opposite is now slated to retire in 2030.)
California has typically led the way in which on clear energy, utilizing state coverage to encourage the adoption of unpolluted energy applied sciences like photo voltaic panels and big grid batteries. In 2018, the state set a aim for utilities to get all of their electrical energy from zero-carbon sources by 2045. State utilities and regulators are actually wrestling with how shortly they will scale back dependence on pure gasoline whereas nonetheless sustaining a dependable energy provide.
California consumes extra electrical energy than it generates inside its borders and usually imports about one-third to one-fifth of the ability it makes use of. (Imports aren’t mirrored within the chart above.)
How Colorado made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal has been Colorado’s prime supply of electrical energy for greater than twenty years. However coal-fired era shrank to 32 % of the state’s energy combine final yr from 76 % in 2001. On the identical time, pure gasoline and wind energy elevated their function within the state’s electrical combine. In recent times, wind generators have provided greater than 1 / 4 of the electrical energy produced in Colorado, sufficient to grow to be the state’s second-largest supply of electrical energy in 2021 and 2022. However gasoline energy topped wind once more final yr.
Colorado goals to get 100% of its electrical energy from renewable sources by 2040. The state’s largest utility, Xcel Power, plans to section out its remaining coal-burning energy vegetation by 2030 in favor of cleaner alternate options.
Colorado normally consumes extra electrical energy than it generates and imports energy from close by states. (Imports aren’t proven within the chart above.)
How Connecticut made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline and nuclear vitality have fueled the overwhelming majority of Connecticut’s electrical energy era over the past twenty years. However gasoline era has elevated considerably since 2010 and gasoline now provides practically 60 % of the ability produced within the state.
On the identical time, the quantity of electrical energy that comes from different fossil fuels, together with coal and petroleum, has declined. Connecticut’s final remaining coal plant, Bridgeport Harbor, retired in 2021.
Connecticut goals to get 100% of its electrical energy from zero-emissions sources by 2040. Final yr, nuclear energy supplied 33 % of the state’s electrical energy era and one other 5 % got here from renewable sources, principally photo voltaic.
How Delaware made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline displaced coal as the first supply of electrical energy produced in Delaware in 2010 and has dominated the state’s energy combine since then. Coal era, in the meantime, has dwindled. Coal fueled 70 % of the state’s energy era in 2008, its peak yr, however solely supplied backup energy throughout some months final yr.
Partly due to this shift, carbon dioxide emissions from the state’s electrical energy sector have fallen over the previous decade. Delaware requires that state utilities generate or procure 40 % of their electrical energy from renewable sources by 2035, together with 10 % from photo voltaic.
Energy produced in-state usually provides “a lot lower than the state wants,” in accordance with the U.S. Power Info Administration. Delaware will get nearly all of its electrical energy from neighboring states by means of the regional grid. (Imports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Florida made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
In 2001, greater than one-third of the electrical energy produced in Florida got here from burning coal. Two years later, pure gasoline surpassed coal because the state’s prime supply of energy era and has continued to develop its share within the state’s electrical combine ever since. By final yr, pure gasoline fueled three-fourths of Florida’s electrical energy era, considerably larger than the nationwide common.
Regardless of its nickname, the Sunshine State has been sluggish to undertake solar energy. However utility-scale photo voltaic installations have picked up in the previous couple of years. Florida is the second-largest producer of electrical energy nationwide, after Texas, however nonetheless imports a small quantity of energy from neighboring states to fulfill client demand. (Imports aren’t mirrored within the chart above.)
In 2024, Florida lawmakers handed a invoice that cuts assist for renewable vitality initiatives and makes it simpler to construct pure gasoline infrastructure. The brand new legislation prohibits building of offshore wind generators in state waters, repeals state grant packages that encourage vitality conservation and renewable vitality and cancels the state’s voluntary renewable vitality objectives.
How Georgia made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal supplied nearly all of Georgia’s electrical energy era by means of the 2000s however declined sharply in the course of the 2010s as pure gasoline energy elevated. Gasoline has been the state’s prime supply of energy for many of the final decade, with nuclear energy typically in second place.
Georgia is the one state to carry new nuclear capability on-line lately: Two new reactors that opened in 2023 and 2024. They have been the primary new nuclear reactors within the nation to be constructed from scratch in many years, however the initiatives have been suffering from delays and vital value overruns.
Solar energy has additionally grown shortly within the state lately, offering about 6 % of Georgia’s energy in 2023. The state can be nonetheless increasing fossil gas energy. Georgia Energy, the state’s essential utility, plans to construct a number of new producing stations fueled by oil and gasoline within the coming years to serve rising energy demand from information facilities and new clean-energy manufacturing hubs.
How Hawaii made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Hawaii has relied closely on imported oil to make electrical energy for the previous twenty years. However the state has an formidable plan to generate all of its energy from clear vitality sources by 2045. In September 2022, Hawaii shut down its final coal-burning energy plant, a significant milestone in the direction of that aim. Final yr, there was no utility-scale coal era in Hawaii for the primary time for the reason that early Nineteen Seventies, however delays within the deployment of recent photo voltaic and battery initiatives meant oil-fired era ticked up.
The state not too long ago opened a brand new, large-scale battery storage facility as a part of its technique to interchange the coal energy that was retired. (Battery charging and discharging is just not proven within the charts above, which mirror web era.)
Photo voltaic era, principally from small-scale rooftop panels, has grown quickly within the state over the previous decade and supplied practically 20 % of Hawaii’s energy final yr. In complete, about 31 % of the state’s electrical energy was made by renewable sources in 2023.
How Idaho made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Hydro generated the overwhelming majority of Idaho’s electrical energy in the course of the 2000s and early 2010s. However lately, drought circumstances have pushed down the quantity of hydroelectric energy produced within the state. Idaho nonetheless makes nearly all of its electrical energy from renewable sources, with hydro offering 43 % of in-state energy era final yr and wind and photo voltaic collectively offering one other 22 %. However pure gasoline energy has expanded considerably on the identical time.
Idaho additionally imports a large quantity of energy from out of state to fulfill its electrical energy wants. Prior to now, a lot of this energy has come from coal-fired turbines in neighboring states, however Oregon closed its final coal plant in 2020 and different close by coal vegetation are scheduled to close down over the following a number of years. (Imports aren’t proven on the chart.)
How Illinois made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Nuclear vitality has been Illinois’s prime supply of energy era for a lot of the final twenty years, accounting for about half of the electrical energy produced within the state throughout most years. Coal was lengthy the second-largest energy supply, briefly surpassing nuclear as the highest era gas in 2004 and once more in 2008. However coal’s function within the state energy combine has declined considerably lately as older coal-fired energy vegetation have retired or been transformed to burn pure gasoline. Each pure gasoline and wind era have grown over the previous decade, and final yr gasoline surpassed coal because the second-largest supply of energy within the state.
In 2021, Illinois set a aim of getting 100 of its energy from carbon-free vitality sources by 2050, however the state has struggled to fulfill shorter-term targets. Illinois produces significantly extra electrical energy than it makes use of and sends about one-fifth to Mid-Atlantic and Midwestern states by means of long-distance transmission strains. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart.)
How Indiana made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal fueled many of the electrical energy made in Indiana for greater than twenty years, however its share within the state’s energy combine has declined as pure gasoline era has taken off and older coal-fired energy vegetation have retired. Final yr, gasoline supplied practically 40 % of the state’s electrical energy era, up from 2 % in 2001.
About 14 % of the state’s electrical energy got here from renewable sources final yr, principally wind. Over the previous decade, Indiana has used extra electrical energy annually than it produces inside its borders and imported the remaining from out of state. (Imports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Iowa made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Wind energy has taken off in Iowa over the previous decade, surpassing coal because the state’s prime supply of electrical energy in 2019. Wind generators supplied simply 1 % of the electrical energy produced within the state in 2001 and practically 60 % final yr. Over the identical interval, coal-fired era considerably declined.
In absolute phrases, the state, one of many windiest within the nation, was the second-largest producer of wind energy final yr, after Texas. However, as Iowa’s wind capability has grown, so has native opposition to new initiatives. In recent times, numerous Iowa counties have paused the development of recent wind generators and a few photo voltaic initiatives, too.
In 1983, Iowa turned the primary state within the nation to go laws requiring utilities to get some quantity of electrical energy from renewable assets, however the state has not up to date these requirements since. Iowa exports a few of its energy to close by states over the regional electrical grid. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Kansas made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Kansas, like many states throughout the Nice Plains, has seen vital development in wind energy over the previous decade as builders put up 1000’s of generators to seize the robust winds blowing throughout the open prairie. In 2019, wind surpassed coal to grow to be Kansas’s largest supply of electrical energy era and has remained the state’s prime energy producer since then.
Kansas produces extra energy than it consumes and sends a few quarter to different states by means of the regional grid. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Kentucky made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal nonetheless generates nearly all of the electrical energy produced in Kentucky, a longtime coal mining state. However numerous the state’s older, coal-fired energy vegetation have shut down or been transformed to burn pure gasoline over the previous decade. Coal fueled 68 % of the ability produced within the state final yr, down from greater than 90 % throughout many of the 2000s and early 2010s.
How Louisiana made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline has lengthy supplied the majority of electrical energy era in Louisiana, one of many prime gas-producing states within the nation. However as coal era declined lately, gasoline additional expanded its share of the state’s electrical combine. Final yr, gasoline accounted for 76 % of electrical energy made within the state, up from 46 % in 2001. Throughout that point, coal-fired era declined, dropping from its place because the second-largest supply of energy within the state to a distant third place.
Louisiana additionally imports some electrical energy from neighboring states. (Imports aren’t proven within the chart above.)
How Maine made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
A lot of the electrical energy generated in Maine final yr got here from renewable sources. Collectively, hydroelectric dams, wind generators, photo voltaic arrays and biomass vegetation, which burn wooden and different natural supplies, produced about 69 % of the state’s energy.
Nonetheless, the whole quantity of energy generated in Maine, notably from pure gasoline and petroleum, has declined considerably over the past twenty years. The state now imports between 10 and 30 % of its electrical energy annually from different close by states and Canada. (Imports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
Maine has a aim of getting 100% of its electrical energy from renewable sources by 2050.
How Maryland made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal produced the majority of Maryland’s energy by means of the early 2010s, however its function within the state’s electrical energy combine has declined considerably over the past decade. Coal fueled simply 5 % of electrical energy made within the state final yr, down from greater than 40 % a decade earlier (and a good higher share earlier than then). Nuclear energy turned the most important supply of electrical energy era in 2015 and shortly rising pure gasoline energy surpassed nuclear for the primary time final yr.
Whereas solar energy remains to be a small a part of the state’s era combine, it has grown quickly over the previous a number of years, beating out hydro because the state’s largest supply of renewable electrical energy. Maryland requires that fifty % of the electrical energy bought by utilities within the state come from renewable sources by 2030.
Maryland consumes extra energy than it generates and imports a major quantity of electrical energy from different Mid-Atlantic States by means of the regional grid. (Imports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Massachusetts made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline has expanded its share of electrical energy era in Massachusetts over the previous twenty years as different sources of energy have declined. Coal-fired era petered out within the state by 2018. And petroleum, which is generally used to fulfill peak electrical energy demand in the course of the winter, now offers solely a small fraction of the ability it did twenty years in the past. The state’s solely nuclear plant, which was accountable for between 10 and 20 % of the state’s electrical energy era in earlier years, shut down completely in 2019, partly due to competitors from cheaper pure gasoline.
Solely solar energy has bucked the development: The quantity of electrical energy created from photo voltaic vitality, largely by means of small-scale rooftop panels, has grown considerably since 2013 and now offers practically 1 / 4 of the state’s energy. Nonetheless, Massachusetts makes much less energy right now in absolute phrases than it did twenty years in the past and now imports about half of its energy from different Northeastern states by means of the regional grid. (Imports aren’t proven within the chart above.)
Massachusetts lawmakers have sought to encourage the adoption of extra photo voltaic and wind energy. (The state’s first offshore wind mission began producing electrical energy this yr.) The state requires utilities to get 80 % of the electrical energy they promote from renewable sources by 2050.
How Michigan made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was the highest supply of electrical energy produced in Michigan for many of the final twenty years, however coal-fired era declined steadily in the course of the 2010s and 2020s as pure gasoline energy expanded. After years of development, gasoline turned the state’s prime supply of electrical energy for the primary time in 2020 and retook that prime slot in 2022 and 2023. Nuclear was the second largest supply of energy produced within the state final yr, with coal falling to 3rd place.
Nuclear vitality is the state’s largest supply of emissions-free energy. It fueled 23 % of the electrical energy produced within the state final yr. Wind energy generated a further 7 %, and photo voltaic delivered lower than 2 %. Michigan not too long ago set a aim to get 100% of its electrical energy from zero-carbon vitality sources by 2040.
To shore up extra emissions-free energy, Michigan now desires to reopen a nuclear plant that shut down in 2022, with assist from a $1.5 billion mortgage from the Biden administration. If the plan goes by means of, it will be the primary shuttered nuclear plant to reopen in the USA.
How Minnesota made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was the highest supply of electrical energy produced in Minnesota for years, however its era share has declined over the past twenty years and, in 2020, coal-fired energy era dropped beneath nuclear for the primary time. Wind energy, in the meantime, grew from 2 % of the state’s complete era in 2001 to 25 % in 2023. Wind turned the state’s prime energy producer final yr.
Emissions-free vitality sources, together with wind, photo voltaic and nuclear energy, now present greater than 50 % of the ability produced in Minnesota. State legislation requires electrical utilities to generate or procure 100% of their electrical energy from carbon-free sources by 2040. Minnesota additionally imports some energy from different states by means of the shared regional grid. (Imports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Mississippi made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline powered greater than three-quarters of the electrical energy generated in Mississippi final yr. Coal, as soon as the state’s prime supply of electrical energy, has declined considerably over the previous decade as pure gasoline costs have fallen. Coal supplied 36 % of the electrical energy produced within the state in 2001, however simply 5 % in 2023.
Mississippi produces extra energy than it makes use of and exports the excess to different states. (Exports aren’t proven on the charts above.)
How Missouri made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Missouri’s electrical energy era combine has been dominated by coal for greater than twenty years. Nonetheless, coal-fired energy declined to 59 % of all electrical energy generated within the state in 2023 from 82 % in 2001 as older coal vegetation went offline or switched to pure gasoline. Gasoline- and wind-powered era have made good points over the previous decade, however, regardless of a dip in 2021, nuclear stays the state’s second largest supply of energy.
Missouri usually makes use of extra electrical energy than it generates in-state and pulls energy from different states by means of regional grids. (Electrical energy imports aren’t proven on the charts above.)
How Montana made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal has been the highest supply of electrical energy produced in Montana for many of the previous twenty years, however its share of the state’s era combine has declined as wind energy has grown and older coal-fired energy vegetation have been retired. Hydro, lengthy the state’s second-largest supply of electrical energy, briefly surpassed coal as the highest power-producer in 2020, however hydroelectric era dropped considerably by 2023 amid drought circumstances.
Montanans solely use about two-thirds of the electrical energy produced within the state. A lot of the remaining is distributed to Washington and Oregon by way of interstate transmission strains. New transmission initiatives are in improvement that would develop how a lot Montana-generated electrical energy strikes to different states (and the opposite manner round, when wanted).
How Nebraska made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal has been the highest supply of electrical energy produced in Nebraska for greater than twenty years, however its era share has declined lately as wind energy has surged. The quantity of nuclear energy produced in Nebraska additionally declined after one of many state’s two nuclear vegetation, Fort Calhoun, completely shut down in 2016 for financial causes.
Nebraska, like many Nice Plains states, has wonderful wind assets, in accordance with the U.S. Power Info Administration, however as extra wind generators and photo voltaic farms have been constructed, native opposition to the initiatives has elevated. A number of Nebraska counties not too long ago put in place moratoriums on new wind and photo voltaic initiatives, and others have instituted strict necessities for the place they are often constructed.
Nebraska produces extra energy than it consumes at dwelling and sends the remaining to different states by means of long-distance transmission strains. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Nevada made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline surpassed coal as Nevada’s prime supply of energy era in 2005 and has been the state’s largest electrical energy provider since. Extra not too long ago, photo voltaic has surged to grow to be the state’s second-largest supply of electrical energy.
Within the meantime, coal energy has continued to say no. Lots of the state’s older, coal-fired energy vegetation have shuttered over the previous twenty years due to competitors from cheaper pure gasoline and state legal guidelines that require renewable vitality improvement. Nevada’s two remaining coal vegetation are scheduled to be transformed to pure gasoline by 2026.
Final yr, about 40 % of the ability produced within the state got here from renewable vitality. Giant-scale photo voltaic arrays and rooftop panels supplied 26 %. Geothermal vegetation, which harvest warmth from deep beneath the Earth’s floor, provided a further 10 %. A lot of the relaxation got here from hydro. (The Hoover Dam, one of many nation’s largest hydroelectric dams, sits on Nevada’s border with Arizona, offering energy to each states.)
The fast development of solar energy lately has prompted the state to strengthen its objectives for renewable vitality. Nevada legislation now requires that fifty % of the electrical energy bought by utilities within the state come from renewable sources by 2030.
How New Hampshire made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
The majority of electrical energy generated in New Hampshire over the previous twenty years has come from the state’s solely nuclear reactor, Seabrook Station. Pure gasoline has been the state’s second-largest supply of energy for the reason that early 2000s, when two new producing stations went on-line. The share of electrical energy provided by coal has declined over the previous twenty years, shrinking to about 1 % in 2023 from 25 % in 2001.
New Hampshire presently generates about 16 % of its electrical energy from renewable sources, principally hydro and biomass, a sort of vitality that comes from burning wooden and different natural matter. The state requires utilities to get 25 % of the ability they promote to clients from renewable sources by 2025, a goal they will fulfill by buying renewable vitality credit.
New Hampshire produces extra energy than it consumes and sends the surplus to different New England states and Canada. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How New Jersey made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Nuclear was the highest supply of electrical energy era in New Jersey till 2015, when pure gasoline surpassed it for the primary time. Over the previous decade, pure gasoline and nuclear vitality have produced nearly the entire state’s electrical energy, however photo voltaic has made inroads, supplying 7 % of energy final yr.
In 2018, the state’s Oyster Creek nuclear plant, the oldest within the nation on the time, closed down, partly due to competitors from cheaper pure gasoline. That very same yr, the New Jersey Legislature authorised new subsidies to maintain the state’s remaining three nuclear vegetation worthwhile. The governor, Philip D. Murphy, stated the vegetation supplied essential, emissions-free energy that will not contribute to local weather change and pointed to “the 1000’s of jobs they assist.”
New Jersey has a renewable vitality normal that requires 35 % of the electrical energy bought within the state to return from renewable sources by 2025, with that requirement rising to 50 % by 2030. To assist attain these objectives, the state desires to construct wind farms off its coast, the place there may be appreciable wind energy potential. However proposed initiatives have stirred up fierce native opposition.
The state consumes extra energy than it produces inside its borders and imports electrical energy from close by states by means of the regional grid. (Imports aren’t included on the chart above.)
How New Mexico made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was New Mexico’s major supply of electrical energy era for many of the final twenty years. However coal-fired energy has declined for the reason that 2000s in response to harder air high quality rules, cheaper pure gasoline and California’s choice in 2014 to cease buying electrical energy generated from coal in neighboring states. Over the previous decade, wind-powered era has surged in New Mexico, and, in 2022, wind surpassed coal as the highest supply of electrical energy produced within the state.
New Mexico has a number of the finest wind, photo voltaic and geothermal vitality assets within the nation, in accordance with the U.S. Power Info Administration. Final yr, the state produced greater than 46 % of its energy from renewable vitality, principally wind and photo voltaic. State legislation requires investor-owned utilities to get 50 % of the electrical energy they promote from renewable sources by 2030, and 100% from a broader array of carbon-free sources by 2045.
The state already exports a major quantity of electrical energy to Arizona and California, nevertheless it may quickly grow to be a good larger energy provider. Final yr, officers broke floor on a significant new transmission mission that may ship renewable wind energy from central New Mexico to more-populated elements of the West. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How New York made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline and nuclear vitality have fueled nearly all of New York’s electrical energy for the previous twenty years. However gasoline has expanded its function within the state’s energy combine throughout that point, whereas nuclear era declined lately. The state shut down its controversial Indian Level nuclear plant in 2021, inflicting nuclear era to fall and greenhouse gasoline emissions to rise.
Final yr, about 32 % of the ability produced in New York got here from renewable sources, principally hydro. The state turned on its first offshore wind farm on the finish of the yr however has struggled to get different offshore wind initiatives off the bottom. The state’s formidable local weather legislation requires utilities to get 70 % of the electrical energy they promote from renewable sources by 2030 and to shift totally to carbon-free energy a decade later.
New York tends to eat extra electrical energy than it produces and presently imports energy from neighboring states and Canada. (Electrical energy imports aren’t included on the chart above.)
How North Carolina made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal-fired energy vegetation supplied nearly all of North Carolina’s electrical energy era in the course of the 2000s , however 32 of the state’s coal-burning models have retired since 2010 and coal’s share within the state electrical energy combine has dwindled. Pure gasoline, in the meantime, has surged to grow to be North Carolina’s prime supply of energy, producing greater than 40 % of the state’s electrical energy final yr.
North Carolina additionally will get practically a tenth of its energy from photo voltaic. The state’s distinctive implementation of a decades-old federal mandate, the Public Utility Regulatory Insurance policies Act of 1978, helped encourage the event of utility-scale photo voltaic initiatives, however the development of solar energy has slowed lately.
In 2021, a bipartisan invoice handed by state lawmakers required North Carolina’s largest utility, Duke Power, to realize a 70 % discount in carbon dioxide emissions from 2005 ranges by the top of the last decade. However this yr, Duke Power requested for extra time to fulfill that deadline and for permission to construct a fleet of recent gas-burning energy vegetation.
How North Dakota made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
As in lots of Nice Plains states, wind energy has grown quickly in North Dakota. Final yr, wind generators generated 36 % of the state’s electrical energy, greater than twice as a lot as a decade earlier than. However coal nonetheless dominates the state’s electrical combine.
North Dakota has each substantial coal reserves and ample wind. The state produces considerably extra electrical energy than is consumed inside its borders and sends about two-thirds to neighboring states and Canada by means of high-voltage transmission strains. (Exports aren’t included on the chart above.)
How Ohio made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was Ohio’s essential supply of energy for a lot of the final twenty years, however a growth in hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, introduced cheaper pure gasoline within the 2010s and utilities shut down a number of massive coal vegetation. Gasoline took over because the state’s prime supply of electrical energy in 2019 and now fuels practically 60 % of the state’s energy era.
Ohio produces a further 12 % of its electrical energy from two nuclear vegetation alongside Lake Erie, which have additionally confronted stiff value competitors from gasoline. In 2019, Ohio lawmakers handed a invoice that gave the state’s nuclear energy vegetation greater than $1 billion in subsidies to remain open, bailed out two coal vegetation and weakened the state’s renewable electrical energy necessities. The nuclear subsidies have been repealed in 2021 amid a significant public corruption scandal, however different elements of the legislation have remained in place.
Ohio will get a small portion of its energy from renewable sources right now: About 2 % from wind vitality and 1 % from photo voltaic. Multiple-fourth of Ohio counties have banned or restricted the development of recent wind or photo voltaic initiatives since 2021 when one other state legislation gave county officers decision-making energy over the place to find renewable vitality.
How Oklahoma made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
The vast majority of Oklahoma’s energy era has traditionally come from fossil fuels, however wind energy has surged within the state over the previous decade. Coal was the state’s prime energy producer within the 2000s, however pure gasoline started competing for the highest slot within the late 2000s and early 2010s and coal energy declined sharply over the following decade. Wind energy has grown shortly within the meantime, briefly turning into the state’s largest energy producer in 2022 earlier than dropping beneath gasoline once more final yr.
Oklahoma was the third-largest producer of wind energy within the nation final yr, behind Texas and Iowa. The state generates extra electrical energy than it consumes and sends its further energy to different states over the regional grid. (Exports aren’t included on the chart above.)
How Oregon made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
A lot of the electrical energy produced in Oregon in any given yr comes from hydroelectric dams, however the actual quantity can fluctuate relying on precipitation. Energy from pure gasoline usually will increase throughout drought years and reduces in years with ample rain and snow.
Over the previous decade, wind has grown to grow to be the third-largest supply of electrical energy generated within the state. In an effort to encourage extra non-hydroelectric renewable energy, Oregon requires its massive, investor-owned utilities to get 50 % of the electrical energy they promote to clients from new renewable vitality sources by 2040. Different utilities are topic to decrease requirements.
In most years, Oregon exports a few of its energy to close by states. (Exports aren’t included within the chart above.)
How Pennsylvania made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was Pennsylvania’s prime supply of electrical energy till 2014, however its function within the state’s energy combine has declined sharply since then as pure gasoline has surged.
Gasoline manufacturing from hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, unleashed a flood of low cost pure gasoline in Pennsylvania beginning within the 2000s. Because of this, electrical utilities started closing down older coal vegetation in favor of newer gas-powered generators.
Gasoline is now placing strain on the state’s nuclear vegetation, too. After one of many state’s nuclear energy vegetation, Three Mile Island, shut down in 2019, pro-nuclear teams sought state subsidies to maintain the remaining reactors open, saying that the lack of this emissions-free electrical energy is dangerous information for local weather change. Final yr, nuclear fueled 32 % of the state’s energy era, whereas different carbon-free sources provided lower than 4 %.
Pennsylvania is the nation’s third-largest producer of electrical energy, behind Texas and Florida, and the state is a significant provider of energy to the remainder of the Mid-Atlantic area. (Electrical energy exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Rhode Island made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Pure gasoline dominates electrical energy era in Rhode Island, however photo voltaic vitality has grown shortly lately. Photo voltaic provided 12 % of the state’s electrical energy final yr, up from lower than 1 % in 2017.
Rhode Island tightened its renewable vitality normal in 2022 and now requires state electrical energy suppliers to get 100% of the ability they promote to customers from renewable sources by 2033. The state consumes extra electrical energy than it generates and imports further energy by means of New England’s regional grid. (Imports aren’t included on the chart above.)
How South Carolina made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
The vast majority of the electrical energy generated in South Carolina has come from nuclear energy for greater than twenty years. However era from pure gasoline has greater than doubled within the state over the previous decade as coal energy has declined. Gasoline overtook coal in 2018 because the state’s second-largest energy producer.
In 2017, utilities in South Carolina deserted plans to construct two new nuclear reactors after main delays and billion-dollar value overruns. The state produced lower than 8 % of its energy from renewable sources final yr, principally photo voltaic and hydro.
South Carolina produces extra energy than it consumes and sends the excess to neighboring states. (Exports aren’t included on the chart above.)
How South Dakota made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Hydroelectric dams provided the majority of electrical energy era in South Dakota for a lot of the previous twenty years, however coal surpassed hydro because the state’s prime energy producer throughout three years — 2001, 2004 and 2008 — and, extra not too long ago, wind energy has taken over.
Coal’s share of the state era combine has declined considerably for the reason that 2010s. Wind, nevertheless, has surged. Wind vitality has been South Dakota’s prime supply of energy since 2021, supplying greater than half of the state’s electrical energy era final yr.
South Dakota makes rather more energy right now than it did twenty years in the past and exports electrical energy throughout the Central and Western United States. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Tennessee made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was Tennessee’s prime supply of electrical energy era between 2001 and 2016, however its share of the state’s energy combine has declined considerably over the previous decade. In 2016, a brand new nuclear reactor was lastly accomplished in Tennessee after many years of delays. In 2017, coal-powered era dipped beneath nuclear for the primary time in practically twenty years. Extra not too long ago, rising pure gasoline era has vied with coal because the state’s second largest energy producer.
Tennessee consumes extra energy than it produces and makes up the shortfall by importing electrical energy from close by states. (Imports aren’t included on the chart above.)
How Texas made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Texas produces extra electrical energy than another state, by a large margin, and its energy combine has lengthy been led by pure gasoline. Coal-fired era within the state has declined over the previous decade as wind energy has elevated. In 2020, wind surpassed coal to grow to be the second-largest supply of electrical energy era in Texas.
The state is, by far, the nation’s largest producer of wind energy right now, with Iowa and Oklahoma in a distant second and third place. In recent times, solar energy has additionally surged within the state, rising from 1 % of the state’s electrical combine in 2019 to six % final yr.
Utilities and companies within the state have largely turned to wind and solar energy as a result of they’re so low cost to construct, and never due to state mandates. Nonetheless, the state has cleared most of the boundaries to constructing new renewable initiatives and different vitality infrastructure, creating “an atmosphere the place this stuff can thrive,” Dr. Lott of Columbia College stated.
However whilst energy era from renewable sources soars, in absolute phrases, Texas continues to burn extra pure gasoline and extra coal than another state.
Not like most different states, Texas operates its personal energy grid, which is simply minimally related to the nation’s different regional grids. Meaning Texas is basically dependent by itself assets to fulfill its electrical energy wants.
How Utah made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
The vast majority of electrical energy produced in Utah nonetheless comes from coal, however coal’s share of the state’s energy combine has declined over the past decade as pure gasoline and photo voltaic era have elevated.
Photo voltaic is the most important renewable supply of energy within the state, offering 14 % of Utah’s electrical energy era final yr. Utah has a aim for utilities to generate or procure 20 % of the electrical energy they promote to clients from renewable sources by 2025.
The state produces extra vitality than it consumes and sends the excess to close by states, like California. (Exports aren’t included on the chart above.)
A minimum of one Utah energy plant is switching from burning coal to pure gasoline to adjust to California’s stricter environmental rules. However Utah lawmakers are methods to maintain the coal energy plant operating alongside the brand new gasoline facility.
How Vermont made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
A lot of the electrical energy generated in Vermont got here from nuclear energy till 2014, when the state’s solely nuclear plant, Vermont Yankee, closed down. Since then, just about the entire electrical energy produced within the state has come from renewable sources, together with hydropower, biomass, wind and photo voltaic.
However Vermont now generates a lot much less electrical energy, in complete, than it did earlier than the nuclear plant shut down and has to import a considerable quantity of energy from different New England states and Canada to fulfill demand. (Imports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
Vermont not too long ago strengthened its renewable vitality normal to require that 100% of electrical energy bought within the state come from renewable sources by 2035.
How Virginia made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was the highest supply of electrical energy produced in Virginia between 2001 and 2008, however its share has declined since then. By 2015, pure gasoline had grow to be the state’s largest supply of electrical energy, a results of the nationwide growth in hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, which unleashed a wave of low cost, plentiful gasoline. Nuclear era has supplied a bit of greater than one-third of Virginia’s electrical energy, on common, over the previous twenty years.
In 2020, Virginia’s Democratic-led Legislature handed a clear vitality legislation that established new vitality effectivity requirements, set a schedule for closing outdated fossil gas energy vegetation and required the state’s two largest utilities get all of their electrical energy from carbon-free sources by 2050. However a brand new, Republican administration has pushed to revise that legislation and shift the state’s focus towards an “the entire above” vitality technique that features higher assist for pure gasoline energy.
The entire quantity of energy produced in Virginia has been rising, however the state can be dealing with rising demand from power-hungry information facilities. Dominion Power, the state’s largest electrical utility, has proposed assembly that demand with a mixture of new renewable energy and gasoline era in a plan that would improve the corporate’s total emissions.
Virginia presently consumes extra electrical energy than it generates and will get further energy from two regional grids that serve the state. (Imports aren’t included on the chart above.)
How Washington made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Washington is the nation’s largest producer of hydroelectric energy, which has dominated the state’s era combine for greater than twenty years. The quantity of energy produced by hydro fluctuates from yr to yr with modifications in precipitation, and different sources — together with pure gasoline, nuclear, wind and coal — make up nearly the entire relaxation.
Washington produces extra electrical energy than it consumes and exports energy to Canada and different Western states. (Exports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
In 2019, the state required its electrical utilities to transition absolutely away from fossil fuels as an influence supply by 2045.
How West Virginia made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal nonetheless dominates West Virginia’s energy combine. It has provided greater than 85 % of the electrical energy produced within the state yearly for greater than twenty years. Whereas pure gasoline and wind have elevated their era share over the previous decade, they nonetheless account for a comparatively small portion of the electrical energy produced within the state.
In 2015, West Virginia turned the primary state to repeal its renewable vitality normal after years of lobbying by conservative teams. The legislation required utilities to get 25 % of their electrical energy from different and renewable vitality sources by 2025. Opponents of the usual stated it was hurting coal jobs and elevating electrical energy charges, whereas supporters stated it will assist to diversify the state’s electrical sector at a time when the nationwide coal market was in decline.
The entire quantity of energy generated by West Virginia has declined over the previous twenty years as coal energy has been squeezed by competitors from cheaper regional sources and older coal-fired energy vegetation have retired. However the state nonetheless generates extra electrical energy than it consumes and provides a major quantity of energy to different Mid-Atlantic States by means of the shared regional grid. (Exports aren’t pictured within the chart above.)
How Wisconsin made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
Coal was lengthy Wisconsin’s prime supply of electrical energy era, however, after years of fast development, pure gasoline took over because the state’s largest energy producer in 2022. Wind and solar energy have grown shortly within the state lately, however each sources stay comparatively small gamers in Wisconsin’s electrical energy combine.
In 2019, Gov. Tony Evers, a Democrat, set a aim for the state to shift to 100% carbon-free electrical energy by 2050 and created a brand new state workplace to guide the transition. However the proposal has confronted opposition from the Republican-led Legislature.
Wisconsin makes use of extra electrical energy than it generates in-state, so it imports further energy from the regional electrical grid. (Imports aren’t proven on the chart above.)
How Wyoming made electrical energy
from 2001 to 2023
Share of energy produced from every vitality supply
The overwhelming majority of electrical energy generated in Wyoming nonetheless comes from coal, however wind energy has made inroads over the previous decade. Final yr, wind provided greater than a fifth of the electrical energy produced within the state.
Wyoming has been the nation’s prime coal-producing state for many years and the state can be dwelling to “a number of the best wind assets within the nation,” in accordance with the U.S. Power Info Administration.
Due to its small inhabitants, Wyoming produces rather more energy than it consumes and sends about 60 % out of state. A number of main transmission line initiatives are presently in improvement to maneuver extra of Wyoming’s ample wind energy to different Western states. (Exports aren’t pictured within the chart above.)
Knowledge notes and methodology
Knowledge comes from the U.S. Power Info Administration and displays web electrical energy era between 2001 and 2023, damaged out by gas supply. The information consists of utility-scale energy era and small-scale era from applied sciences like rooftop photo voltaic, in addition to industrial and industrial cogeneration. Knowledge for 2023 is preliminary.
Cross-state imports and exports of electrical energy aren’t proven within the charts, however electrical energy routinely flows between states and most states belong partially or in entire to wider energy markets. Nonetheless, every state has the ability to form its power-generation combine by means of rules. How states generate electrical energy can be influenced by the supply of native and regional vitality assets. For instance: Considerable wind within the Midwest, plentiful sunshine within the Southwest, and native coal in West Virginia and Wyoming.
The charts don’t mirror era from pumped hydro or grid-scale battery storage as a result of charging and discharging aren’t reported individually by the E.I.A.
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