Good Fuse Swap Controller Reference Design

See how this sensible fuse design replaces normal fuses with a semiconductor resolution, permitting resettable safety, decrease energy use, and security for autos.

TIDA-020065, reference design from Texas Devices (TI) addresses challenges in changing normal melting fuses. It makes use of the TPS1213-Q1 high-side swap controller, INA296B-Q1 present sense amplifier, and a microcontroller to supply I²t overcurrent safety, a low-power mode for decreased vitality consumption, and assist for resistive, capacitive, and inductive masses. With a number of configuration choices, together with bidirectional present sensing, it allows engineers to conduct numerous checks for high-current sensible fuse functions. The design is appropriate for functions resembling 12V and 48V energy distribution containers and zone management modules.

The design is constructed for energy distribution containers and zone management modules, supporting the transition from domain-based to zone-based automobile architectures. By changing normal melting fuses with semiconductor designs, it allows resettable fuses, eliminating the necessity for simply accessible fuse areas and permitting for optimized cable wiring. Moreover, it improves time-current traits throughout temperatures, decreasing harness cable diameter and general value by minimizing system variability in comparison with conventional fuses.

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Nonetheless, changing melting fuses introduces challenges resembling making certain wire harness safety throughout overload and short-circuit occasions whereas stopping journeys throughout peak load transients, safeguarding FETs from uncontrolled inrush currents when charging load bulk capacitors, and decreasing semiconductor energy consumption within the key-off state for always-on masses. The design addresses these challenges at a system stage for high-current masses by utilizing the high-side swap controller to drive the primary energy path within the drive state and a low-power path within the key-off state. It additionally incorporates the present sense amplifier for load present sensing, enabling the MSPM0L1306-Q1 to execute a software-based I²t algorithm that replicates fuse conduct.

When contemplating automobile states, the low-power path features equally to a parked (key-off) mode, minimizing energy consumption. Throughout driving, ECUs function in regular mode, requiring the primary path to assist and defend increased present masses. The swap controller consists of an automated load wake-up function, which shortly switches from low-power to energetic mode when the load present surpasses a configurable threshold. To additional scale back system IQ in low-power mode, the TPS22919-Q1 load swap disables the present sense amplifier. Moreover, a gate slew-rate limiting circuit on the low-power path’s gate ensures managed charging of capacitive masses at startup, decreasing inrush currents and stopping false shutdowns brought on by predefined time-current traits.

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For overload and short-circuit safety, the INA296B-Q1 and MSPM0L1306-Q1 units implement the I²t fuse algorithm. The present sense amplifier gives exact present sensing, sending information to an ADC within the MSPM0L1306-Q1, which repeatedly displays present in energetic mode. If an overload happens, the software-based I²t algorithm shuts down the output to guard wire harnesses and masses. Quick-circuit safety can also be constructed into the design by way of the swap controller, which displays the VDS of the primary FET and triggers a fault when VDS exceeds a configurable threshold.

TI has examined this reference design. It comes with a invoice of supplies (BOM), schematics, meeting drawing, printed circuit board (PCB) structure, and extra. The corporate’s web site has extra information in regards to the reference design. To learn extra about this reference design, click on right here.